Mental Health

Published

February 8, 2025

List of Instruments

Name of Instrument	Subdomain	Table Name
Youth Instruments
KSADS - Symptoms & Diagnoses	Broad Psychopathology	`mh_y_ksads_ss`
Brief Problem Monitor (ASEBA)	Broad Psychopathology	`mh_y_bpm`
KSADS - Background Items	Psychosocial	`mh_y_ksads_bg`
KSADS - Depressive Disorders (Indiv. Questions)	Mood	`mh_y_ksads_dep`
KSADS - Bipolar and Related Disorders (Indiv. Questions)	Mood	`mh_y_ksads_bip`
KSADS - Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (Indiv. Questions)	Mood	`mh_y_ksads_dmdd`
7-Up Mania Inventory	Mood	`mh_y_7up`
KSADS - Conduct Disorders (Indiv. Questions)	Externalizing	`mh_y_ksads_cd`
KSADS - Eating Disorders (Indiv. Questions)	Eating	`mh_y_ksads_ed`
KSADS - Generalized Anxiety Disorder (Indiv. Questions)	Anxiety	`mh_y_ksads_gad`
KSADS - Social Anxiety Disorder (Indiv. Questions)	Anxiety	`mh_y_ksads_sad`
KSADS - Suicidality (Indiv. Questions)	Harm	`mh_y_ksads_si`
KSADS - Sleep Problems (Indiv. Questions)	Sleep	`mh_y_ksads_slp`
Behavioral Inhibition / Behavioral Approach System Scales (BIS/BAS)	Temperament/Personality	`mh_y_bisbas`
Modified Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency, Impulsive Behavior Scale for Children (UPPS; Short Version; PhenX)	Temperament/Personality	`mh_y_upps`
Cyberbullying	Social	`mh_y_cbb`
NIH Toolbox Positive Affect	Emotion	`mh_y_poa`
Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ)	Emotion	`mh_y_erq`
Life Events (PhenX)	Stress	`mh_y_le`
Other Resilience	Peers	`mh_y_or`
Peer Experience Questionnaire	Peers	`mh_y_peq`
Prodromal Psychosis Scale	Psychosis	`mh_y_pps`
Parent Instruments
Adult Behavior Checklist on Other Parent (ABCL; ASEBA) (Parent)	Broad Psychopathology	`mh_p_abcl`
Adult Self Report (ASR; ASEBA) (Parent)	Broad Psychopathology	`mh_p_asr`
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; ASEBA) (Parent)	Broad Psychopathology	`mh_p_cbcl`
KSADS - Symptoms & Diagnoses	Broad Psychopathology	`mh_p_ksads_ss`
Family History (Parent)	Broad Psychopathology	`mh_p_fhx`
KSADS - Background Items (Parent)	Psychosocial	`mh_p_ksads_bg`
KSADS - Autism Spectrum Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)	Autism Spectrum	`mh_p_ksads_asd`
KSADS - Depressive Disorders (Indiv.Questions)(Parent)	Mood	`mh_p_ksads_dep`
KSADS - Bipolar and Related Disorders (Indiv. Questions) (Parent)	Mood	`mh_p_ksads_bp`
KSADS - Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)	Mood	`mh_p_ksads_dmdd`
General Behavior Inventory - Mania (Parent)	Mood	`mh_p_gbi`
KSADS - Psychotic Disorders (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)	Psychosis	`mh_p_ksads_psy`
KSADS - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)	Externalizing	`mh_p_ksads_adhd`
KSADS - Oppositional Defiant Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)	Externalizing	`mh_p_ksads_odd`
KSADS - Conduct Disorders (Indiv. Questions) (Parent)	Externalizing	`mh_p_ksads_cd`
KSADS - Eating Disorders (Indiv. Questions) (Parent)	Eating	`mh_p_ksads_ed`
KSADS - Generalized Anxiety Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)	Anxiety	`mh_p_ksads_gad`
KSADS - Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (Indiv. Questions) (Parent)	Anxiety	`mh_p_ksads_ocd`
KSADS - Panic Disorder (Indiv. Questions) (Parent)	Anxiety	`mh_p_ksads_pd`
KSADS - Specific Phobia Disorder (Indiv. Questions) (Parent)	Anxiety	`mh_p_ksads_phb`
KSADS - Agoraphobia (Indiv. Questions) (Parent)	Anxiety	`mh_p_ksads_ago`
KSADS - Social Anxiety Disorder (Indiv. Questions) (Parent)	Anxiety	`mh_p_ksads_sad`
KSADS - Separation Anxiety (Indiv. Questions) (Parent)	Anxiety	`mh_p_ksads_sep`
KSADS - Suicidality (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)	Harm	`mh_p_ksads_si`
KSADS - Homicidality (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)	Harm	`mh_p_ksads_hi`
KSADS - Sleep Problems (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)	Sleep	`mh_p_ksads_slp`
Difficulty in Emotion Regulation (Parent)	Emotion	`mh_p_ders`
Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (Parent)	Temperament/Personality	`mh_p_eatq`
KSADS - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Indiv. Questions) (Parent)	Stress	`mh_p_ksads_ptsd`
Life Events (PhenX) (Parent)	Stress	`mh_p_le`
Perceived Stress Scale (Parent)	Stress	`mh_p_pss`
Short Social Responsiveness Scale (Parent)	Social	`mh_p_ssrs`
Teacher Instrument
Brief Problem Monitor (ASEBA)	Broad Psychopathology	`mh_t_bpm`

General Information

An overview of the ABCD Study® can be found at abcdstudy.org and detailed descriptions of the assessment protocols are available at ABCD Protocols. This page describes the contents of various instruments available for download. To understand the context of this information, refer to the release note Start Page.

Detailed information about the instruments, the constructs they are intended to measure, and relevant citations for each measure are provided in the following:

Barch DM, Albaugh MD, Avenevoli S, Chang L, Clark DB, Glantz MD, Hudziak JJ, Jernigan TL, Tapert SF, Yurgelun-Todd D, Alia-Klein N, Potter AS, Paulus MP, Prouty D, Zucker RA, Sher KJ. Demographic, physical and mental health assessments in the adolescent brain and cognitive development study: Rationale and description. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2018 Aug;32:55-66. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.10.010. Epub 2017 Nov 3. PMID: 29113758; PMCID: PMC5934320. Find here

Barch DM, Albaugh MD, Baskin-Sommers A, Bryant BE, Clark DB, Dick AS, Feczko E, Foxe JJ, Gee DG, Giedd J, Glantz MD, Hudziak JJ, Karcher NR, LeBlanc K, Maddox M, McGlade EC, Mulford C, Nagel BJ, Neigh G, Palmer CE, Potter AS, Sher KJ, Tapert SF, Thompson WK, Xie L. Demographic and mental health assessments in the adolescent brain and cognitive development study: Updates and age-related trajectories. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2021 Dec;52:101031. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101031. Epub 2021 Oct 29. PMID: 34742018; PMCID: PMC8579129. Find here

Updates and Notes

Release 5.1 Update

EATING DISORDERS: The mental health workgroup did an extensive review of the criteria used for all of the eating disorder diagnoses in KSADS. We believe that the current criteria are more restrictive than necessary, and thus underestimate the rates of all eating disorder diagnoses. Thus, we believe that users should not use these diagnoses from the 5.1 or 5.0 release. Instead, any users who want to use 5.0 or 5.1 eating disorders information should use the symptom data to create their own diagnoses. We believe that this concern applies to all prior releases of Eating Disorder diagnoses. The mental health workgroup will work with the KSADS group over the next several months to modify these diagnoses for the 6.0 release. There were also new fields included in the 5.1 data.

mh_p_ksads_ss
- Diagnosis - Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder, Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (F50.8), Past
  - ksads_13_971_p
  - ksads2_13_999_p
- Diagnosis - Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder, Binge Eating Disorder (of low frequency or limited duration) (F50.8), Past
  - ksads_13_972_p
  - ksads2_13_1000_p
mh_y_ksads_ss
- Diagnosis - Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder, Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (F50.8), Past
  - ksads_13_971_t
  - ksads2_13_999_t
- Diagnosis - Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder, Binge Eating Disorder (of low frequency or limited duration) (F50.8), Past
  - ksads_13_972_t
  - ksads2_13_1000_t

The following codes are used for symptoms and diagnoses in the KSADS:

1 = present
0 = absent
888 = Question not asked due to primary question response (branching logic)
555 = Not administered in the assessment

KSADS-COMP Changes 1.0 to 2.0

Branching algorithm for the screen interview and supplement items changed, so that if a threshold level response is provided to a given symptom, the interview moves to the next item. The past item is only queried if subthreshold responses are given to the current item. This streamlines the assessment for subjects.
Additional questions were added to the end of the supplements to determine the patterning of symptoms within each diagnostic category, if more than one episode of a disorder occurred, and if disorder is current, in partial remission, full remission, or a past episode. This refined episode classifications.
Information was added to the diagnostic algorithms to determine if a child was on medication for that diagnosis (e.g., ADHD). Diagnostic classifications were added to reflect this, e.g., current diagnosis, asymptomatic on medication or partial remission on medication.
The probe for the hallucinations item was made more rigorous and requires hallucinatory-like experiences to occur during the day while the youth is going about their daily activities. The majority of false positive self-administered KSADS-COMP psychotic disorder screen positives came from youth who only had these experiences at nighttime before going to bed, with these cases ruled out in the clinician-administered KSADS-COMP.
Additional false positive screens into the psychotic disorders supplement came from youth who reported paranoid ideation. This item has been moved from the screen to the supplement to avoid children with bullying experiences or youth who live in dangerous neighborhoods from unnecessarily screening into the psychotic disorders section.
Bipolar Disorder screen – moved item about hypersexuality to the supplement to minimize false positive screens.
OCD was another diagnosis that youth screened into the supplement more often with the self-administered KSADS-COMP than the clinician administered KSADS-COMP. To reduce the number of youth entering the OCD supplement unnecessarily the following changes were made:
1. a screen item was added to capture duration of OCD-like symptoms, with sufficient duration (more than half the days of the week) required to meet entry criteria for completing the OCD supplement; and
2. the obsessive thoughts about sex item was removed from the screen as the greatest number of false screen-positives was youth who reported excessive thoughts about sex – a common experience among adolescents. Item moved to supplement.
3. the wording of the initial probe for obsession (1.11.1.q1) was revised to include wording about thoughts being “unwelcome, distressing and senseless”
Additional diagnostic categories derived in 2.0 that that were not available in 1.0 include: schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, and autism spectrum disorder (parent report only)
Back button added

Diagnostic Algorithm Errors Detected and Updated in 2021:

Diagnoses	Modifications Required
Major Depression/Persistent Depression Disorder	Including impairment in the diagnostic criteria
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder	Including onset before the age of 10 in the diagnostic criteria
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder	Other specified bipolar disorder added as rule out for DMDD
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	Requiring impairment in functioning in two, not one domain
Agoraphobia	Including duration of illness 6 months or more
Enuresis/Encopresis	Including minimum ages for diagnoses
Anorexia	Including duration of illness 3 months or more
Autism – Criterion A	Requiring the presence of all three criterion A symptoms for the disorder

Additional Diagnostic Algorithm Error Detected 2023 (update pending)

Diagnoses	Modifications Required
Oppositional Defiant Disorder	Current disorder had allowed for presence of current or past symptoms – current diagnosis will be updated such that only current symptoms can be counted toward current diagnosis.

Following shows the correspondence between variable names for youth/parent/KSADS1/2 and the diagnoses:

Conduct Disorder	Diagnosis	KSADS 1 (Parent)	KSADS 2 (Parent)	KSADS 1 (Youth)	KSADS 2 (Youth)	Note
Adjustment Disorder	Adjustment Disorder		`ksads2_26_796_p`		`ksads2_26_796_t`	only KSADS 2
Agoraphobia	Agoraphobia (F40.00) PRESENT	`ksads_6_859_p`	`ksads2_6_817_p`	`ksads_6_859_t`	`ksads2_6_817_t`
Agoraphobia	Agoraphobia (F40.00) PAST	`ksads_6_860_p`	`ksads2_6_818_p`	`ksads_6_860_t`	`ksads2_6_818_t`
Agoraphobia	Other Specified Anxiety Disorder (Agoraphobia, impairment, does not meet full criteria), F41.8	`ksads_6_908_p`	`ksads2_6_868_p`	`ksads_6_908_t`	`ksads2_6_868_t`
Alcohol Use Disorder	Alcohol Use Disorder Present	`ksads_19_891_p`	`ksads2_19_849_p`	`ksads_19_891_t`	`ksads2_19_849_t`
Alcohol Use Disorder	Alcohol Use Disorder Past	`ksads_19_892_p`	`ksads2_19_850_p`	`ksads_19_892_t`	`ksads2_19_850_t`
Alcohol Use Disorder	Unspecified Alcohol-Related Disorder, present (F10.99)	`ksads_19_895_p`	`ksads2_19_853_p`	`ksads_19_895_t`	`ksads2_19_853_t`
Alcohol Use Disorder	Unspecified Alcohol-Related Disorder, past (F10.99)	`ksads_19_896_p`	`ksads2_19_854_p`	`ksads_19_896_t`	`ksads2_19_854_t`
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Present	`ksads_14_853_p`	`ksads2_14_809_p`	`ksads_14_853_t`	`ksads2_14_809_t`
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Past	`ksads_14_854_p`	`ksads2_14_810_p`	`ksads_14_854_t`	`ksads2_14_810_t`
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, IN PARTIAL REMISSION	`ksads_14_855_p`	`ksads2_14_811_p`	`ksads_14_855_t`	`ksads2_14_811_t`
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	Unspecified Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (F90.9)	`ksads_14_856_p`		`ksads_14_856_t`		only KSADS 1
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, IN FULL REMISSION		`ksads2_14_812_p`		`ksads2_14_812_t`	only KSADS 2
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	Other Specified Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (F90.8)		`ksads2_14_813_p`		`ksads2_14_813_t`	only KSADS 2
Autism Spectrum Disorders	Autism Spectrum Disorder (F84.0)		`ksads2_18_861_p`		`ksads2_18_861_t`	only KSADS 2
Autism Spectrum Disorders	Probable Autism Spectrum Disorder (F84.0)		`ksads2_18_862_p`		`ksads2_18_862_t`	only KSADS 2
Autism Spectrum Disorders	Other Specified Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, full criteria not met (F88.0)		`ksads2_18_863_p`		`ksads2_18_863_t`	only KSADS 2
Bipolar Disorders	Bipolar I Disorder, current episode manic (F31.1x)	`ksads_2_830_p`	`ksads2_2_798_p`	`ksads_2_830_t`	`ksads2_2_798_t`
Bipolar Disorders	Bipolar I Disorder, current episode depressed, F31.3x	`ksads_2_831_p`	`ksads2_2_799_p`	`ksads_2_831_t`	`ksads2_2_799_t`
Bipolar Disorders	Bipolar II Disorder, currently hypomanic ¬†F31.81	`ksads_2_835_p`	`ksads2_2_801_p`	`ksads_2_835_t`	`ksads2_2_801_t`
Bipolar Disorders	Bipolar I Disorder, currently hypomanic F31.0	`ksads_2_832_p`		`ksads_2_832_t`		only KSADS 1
Bipolar Disorders	Bipolar I Disorder, most recent past episode manic (F31.1x)	`ksads_2_833_p`		`ksads_2_833_t`		only KSADS 1
Bipolar Disorders	Bipolar I Disorder, most recent past episode depressed (F31.1.3x)	`ksads_2_834_p`		`ksads_2_834_t`		only KSADS 1
Bipolar Disorders	Bipolar II Disorder, Currently Depressed F31.81	`ksads_2_836_p`	`ksads2_2_931_p`	`ksads_2_836_t`	`ksads2_2_931_t`
Bipolar Disorders	Bipolar II Disorder, most recent past hypomanic ¬†F31.81	`ksads_2_837_p`		`ksads_2_837_t`		only KSADS 1
Bipolar Disorders	Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorder, current ¬†(F31.9)	`ksads_2_838_p`		`ksads_2_838_t`		only KSADS 1
Bipolar Disorders	Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorder, PAST (F31.9)	`ksads_2_839_p`		`ksads_2_839_t`		only KSADS 1
Bipolar Disorders	Bipolar I Disorder, most recent episode (manic/depressed/mixed) (F31.9)		`ksads2_2_800_p`		`ksads2_2_800_t`	only KSADS 2
Bipolar Disorders	Bipolar II Disorder, most recent episode (hypomanic/depressed/mixed) ¬†(F31.81)		`ksads2_2_802_p`		`ksads2_2_802_t`	only KSADS 2
Bipolar Disorders	Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorder (F31.9) Meets criteria for Bipolar II disorder except duration criteria		`ksads2_2_803_p`		`ksads2_2_803_t`	only KSADS 2
Bipolar Disorders	Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorder (F31.9) Meets criteria for Bipolar II disorder except never had major depressive episode		`ksads2_2_932_p`		`ksads2_2_932_t`	only KSADS 2
Bipolar Disorders	Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorder (F31.9) Recurrent manic or hypomanic episodes of shorter duration than minimum criteria		`ksads2_2_933_p`		`ksads2_2_933_t`	only KSADS 2
Bipolar Disorders	Bipolar II Disorder, Currently Depressed (in partial remission) F31.81		`ksads2_2_936_p`		`ksads2_2_936_t`	only KSADS 2
Bipolar Disorders	Bipolar I Disorder, Currently Depressed (in partial remission) F31.3x		`ksads2_2_937_p`		`ksads2_2_937_t`	only KSADS 2
Conduct Disorder	Conduct Disorder, present childhood onset (F91.1)	`ksads_16_897_p`	`ksads2_16_855_p`	`ksads_16_897_t`	`ksads2_16_855_t`
Conduct Disorder	Conduct Disorder, present adolescent onset (F91.2)	`ksads_16_898_p`	`ksads2_16_856_p`	`ksads_16_898_t`	`ksads2_16_856_t`
Conduct Disorder	Conduct Disorder, past, childhood onset (F91.1)	`ksads_16_899_p`	`ksads2_16_857_p`	`ksads_16_899_t`	`ksads2_16_857_t`
Conduct Disorder	Conduct Disorder, past, adolescent onset (F91.2)	`ksads_16_900_p`	`ksads2_16_858_p`	`ksads_16_900_t`	`ksads2_16_858_t`
DMDD	Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) Current (F34.8)	`ksads_3_848_p`	`ksads2_3_804_p`	`ksads_3_848_t`	`ksads2_3_804_t`
Depressive Disorders	Major Depressive Disorder Present	`ksads_1_840_p`	`ksads2_1_790_p`	`ksads_1_840_t`	`ksads2_1_790_t`
Depressive Disorders	Major Depressive Disorder, Current, in Partial Remission (F32.4)	`ksads_1_841_p`	`ksads2_1_791_p`	`ksads_1_841_t`	`ksads2_1_791_t`
Depressive Disorders	Major Depressive Disorder, Past (F32.9)	`ksads_1_842_p`	`ksads2_1_792_p`	`ksads_1_842_t`	`ksads2_1_792_t`
Depressive Disorders	Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) PRESENT F34.1	`ksads_1_843_p`	`ksads2_1_793_p`	`ksads_1_843_t`	`ksads2_1_793_t`
Depressive Disorders	Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) In Partial Remission F34.1	`ksads_1_844_p`	`ksads2_1_794_p`	`ksads_1_844_t`	`ksads2_1_794_t`
Depressive Disorders	Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) PAST F34.1	`ksads_1_845_p`	`ksads2_1_795_p`	`ksads_1_845_t`	`ksads2_1_795_t`
Depressive Disorders	Unspecified Depressive Disorder Current (F32.9)	`ksads_1_846_p`		`ksads_1_846_t`		only KSADS 1
Depressive Disorders	Unspecified Depressive Disorder PAST (F32.9)	`ksads_1_847_p`		`ksads_1_847_t`		only KSADS 1
Depressive Disorders	Other Specified Depressive Disorder (F32.8)		`ksads2_1_797_p`		`ksads2_1_797_t`	only KSADS 2
Drug Use Disorders	Cannabis Use Disorder Present	`ksads_20_871_p`	`ksads2_20_829_p`	`ksads_20_871_t`	`ksads2_20_829_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Stimulant Use Disorder Present: ¬†Amphetamine-type substance	`ksads_20_872_p`	`ksads2_20_830_p`	`ksads_20_872_t`	`ksads2_20_830_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Use Disorder Present	`ksads_20_873_p`	`ksads2_20_831_p`	`ksads_20_873_t`	`ksads2_20_831_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Stimulant Use Disorder Present: Cocaine	`ksads_20_874_p`	`ksads2_20_832_p`	`ksads_20_874_t`	`ksads2_20_832_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Opiod Use Disorder Present	`ksads_20_875_p`	`ksads2_20_833_p`	`ksads_20_875_t`	`ksads2_20_833_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Inhalant Use Disorder Present	`ksads_20_878_p`	`ksads2_20_835_p`	`ksads_20_878_t`	`ksads2_20_835_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Other Drugs Use Disorder Present	`ksads_20_879_p`	`ksads2_20_837_p`	`ksads_20_879_t`	`ksads2_20_837_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Cannabis Use Disorder Past	`ksads_20_880_p`	`ksads2_20_838_p`	`ksads_20_880_t`	`ksads2_20_838_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Stimulant Use Disorder Past: ¬†Amphetamine-type substance	`ksads_20_881_p`	`ksads2_20_839_p`	`ksads_20_881_t`	`ksads2_20_839_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Use Disorder Past	`ksads_20_882_p`	`ksads2_20_840_p`	`ksads_20_882_t`	`ksads2_20_840_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Stimulant Use Disorder Past: Cocaine	`ksads_20_883_p`	`ksads2_20_841_p`	`ksads_20_883_t`	`ksads2_20_841_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Opiod Use Disorder Past	`ksads_20_884_p`	`ksads2_20_842_p`	`ksads_20_884_t`	`ksads2_20_842_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Inhalant Use Disorder Past	`ksads_20_887_p`	`ksads2_20_844_p`	`ksads_20_887_t`	`ksads2_20_844_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Other Drugs Use Disorder Past	`ksads_20_888_p`	`ksads2_20_846_p`	`ksads_20_888_t`	`ksads2_20_846_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Substance Use Disorder CURRENT	`ksads_20_889_p`	`ksads2_20_847_p`	`ksads_20_889_t`	`ksads2_20_847_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Substance Use Disorder PAST	`ksads_20_890_p`	`ksads2_20_848_p`	`ksads_20_890_t`	`ksads2_20_848_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Unspecified Substance Related Disorder, Present (F10.99)	`ksads_20_893_p`	`ksads2_20_851_p`	`ksads_20_893_t`	`ksads2_20_851_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Unspecified Substance Related Disorder, Past (F10.99)	`ksads_20_894_p`	`ksads2_20_852_p`	`ksads_20_894_t`	`ksads2_20_852_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Hallucinogen Use Disorder Present	`ksads_20_876_p`	`ksads2_20_834_p`	`ksads_20_876_t`	`ksads2_20_834_t`
Drug Use Disorders	PCP Use Disorder Present	`ksads_20_877_p`	`ksads2_20_986_p`	`ksads_20_877_t`	`ksads2_20_986_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Hallucinogen Use Disorder Past	`ksads_20_885_p`	`ksads2_20_843_p`	`ksads_20_885_t`	`ksads2_20_843_t`
Drug Use Disorders	PCP Use Disorder Past	`ksads_20_886_p`	`ksads2_20_987_p`	`ksads_20_886_t`	`ksads2_20_987_t`
Drug Use Disorders	Tobacco Use Disorder Present		`ksads2_20_836_p`		`ksads2_20_836_t`	only KSADS 2
Drug Use Disorders	Tobacco Use Disorder Past		`ksads2_20_845_p`		`ksads2_20_845_t`	only KSADS 2
Eating Disorders	Anorexia Nervosa (F50.02) ¬†Binge eating/purging subtype, PRESENT	`ksads_13_929_p`	`ksads2_13_890_p`	`ksads_13_929_t`	`ksads2_13_890_t`
Eating Disorders	Anorexia Nervosa (F50.02) ¬†Binge eating/purging subtype, PRESENT, IN PARTIAL REMISSION	`ksads_13_930_p`	`ksads2_13_891_p`	`ksads_13_930_t`	`ksads2_13_891_t`
Eating Disorders	Anorexia Nervosa (F50.02) Binge eating/purging subtype, PAST	`ksads_13_931_p`	`ksads2_13_892_p`	`ksads_13_931_t`	`ksads2_13_892_t`
Eating Disorders	Anorexia Nervosa (F50.01) ¬†Restricting subtype, PRESENT	`ksads_13_932_p`	`ksads2_13_893_p`	`ksads_13_932_t`	`ksads2_13_893_t`
Eating Disorders	Anorexia Nervosa (F50.01) ¬†Restricting subtype, PRESENT, IN PARTIAL REMISSION	`ksads_13_933_p`	`ksads2_13_894_p`	`ksads_13_933_t`	`ksads2_13_894_t`
Eating Disorders	Anorexia Nervosa (F50.01) Restricting subtype,PAST	`ksads_13_934_p`	`ksads2_13_895_p`	`ksads_13_934_t`	`ksads2_13_895_t`
Eating Disorders	Bulimia Nervosa (F50.2) PRESENT	`ksads_13_935_p`	`ksads2_13_896_p`	`ksads_13_935_t`	`ksads2_13_896_t`
Eating Disorders	Bulimia Nervosa (F50.2) PAST	`ksads_13_936_p`	`ksads2_13_897_p`	`ksads_13_936_t`	`ksads2_13_897_t`
Eating Disorders	Bulimia Nervosa Partial Remission Present	`ksads_13_937_p`	`ksads2_13_898_p`	`ksads_13_937_t`	`ksads2_13_898_t`
Eating Disorders	Binge-Eating Disorder (F50.8) CURRENT	`ksads_13_938_p`	`ksads2_13_899_p`	`ksads_13_938_t`	`ksads2_13_899_t`
Eating Disorders	Binge-Eating Disorder (F50.8) PAST	`ksads_13_940_p`	`ksads2_13_900_p`	`ksads_13_940_t`	`ksads2_13_900_t`
Eating Disorders	Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa, current, does not meet full criteria (F50.8)	`ksads_13_941_p`	`ksads2_13_901_p`	`ksads_13_941_t`	`ksads2_13_901_t`
Eating Disorders	Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder, Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (F50.8), Past	`ksads_13_971_p`	`ksads2_13_999_p`	`ksads_13_971_t`	`ksads2_13_999_t`
Eating Disorders	Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder, Bulimia Nervosa, current, does not meet full criteria (F50.8)	`ksads_13_942_p`	`ksads2_13_902_p`	`ksads_13_942_t`	`ksads2_13_902_t`
Eating Disorders	Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder, Bulimia Nervosa, PAST, does not meet full criteria (F50.8)	`ksads_13_943_p`	`ksads2_13_903_p`	`ksads_13_943_t`	`ksads2_13_903_t`
Eating Disorders	Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder, Binge Eating Disorder, present, does not meet full criteria (F50.8)	`ksads_13_944_p`	`ksads2_13_904_p`	`ksads_13_944_t`	`ksads2_13_904_t`
Eating Disorders	Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder, Binge Eating Disorder (of low frequency or limited duration) (F50.8), Past	`ksads_13_972_p`	`ksads2_13_1000_p`	`ksads_13_972_t`	`ksads2_13_1000_t`
Eating Disorders	Binge-Eating Disorder (F50.8) current, in partial remission	`ksads_13_939_p`		`ksads_13_939_t`		only KSADS 1
Generalized Anxiety Disorder	Generalized Anxiety Disorder ‚ÄìPresent (F41.1)	`ksads_10_869_p`	`ksads2_10_827_p`	`ksads_10_869_t`	`ksads2_10_827_t`
Generalized Anxiety Disorder	Generalized Anxiety Disorder ‚ÄìPast (F41.1)	`ksads_10_870_p`	`ksads2_10_828_p`	`ksads_10_870_t`	`ksads2_10_828_t`
Generalized Anxiety Disorder	Other Specified Anxiety Disorder (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, impairment, does not meet minimum duration) F41.8	`ksads_10_913_p`	`ksads2_10_873_p`	`ksads_10_913_t`	`ksads2_10_873_t`
Generalized Anxiety Disorder	Other Specified Anxiety Disorder (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, impairment, does not meet minimum duration), PAST, ¬†F41.8	`ksads_10_914_p`	`ksads2_10_874_p`	`ksads_10_914_t`	`ksads2_10_874_t`
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder	Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ‚ÄìPresent (F42)	`ksads_11_917_p`	`ksads2_11_877_p`	`ksads_11_917_t`	`ksads2_11_877_t`
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder	Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ‚ÄìPast (F42)	`ksads_11_918_p`	`ksads2_11_878_p`	`ksads_11_918_t`	`ksads2_11_878_t`
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder	Other Specified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder, present , does not meet full criteria (F42)	`ksads_11_919_p`	`ksads2_11_879_p`	`ksads_11_919_t`	`ksads2_11_879_t`
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder	Other Specified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder, past, does not meet full criteria (F42)	`ksads_11_920_p`	`ksads2_11_880_p`	`ksads_11_920_t`	`ksads2_11_880_t`
Oppositional Defiant Disorder	Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Present F91.3	`ksads_15_901_p`	`ksads2_15_859_p`	`ksads_15_901_t`	`ksads2_15_859_t`
Oppositional Defiant Disorder	Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Past F91.3	`ksads_15_902_p`	`ksads2_15_860_p`	`ksads_15_902_t`	`ksads2_15_860_t`
Panic Disorder	Panic Disorder (F41.0) PRESENT	`ksads_5_857_p`	`ksads2_5_814_p`	`ksads_5_857_t`	`ksads2_5_814_t`
Panic Disorder	Panic Disorder (F41.0) PAST	`ksads_5_858_p`	`ksads2_5_816_p`	`ksads_5_858_t`	`ksads2_5_816_t`
Panic Disorder	Other Specified Anxiety Disorder (Panic Disorder, impairment, does not meet full criteria), F41.8	`ksads_5_906_p`	`ksads2_5_866_p`	`ksads_5_906_t`	`ksads2_5_866_t`
Panic Disorder	Other Specified Anxiety Disorder, PAST, (Panic Disorder, impairment, does not meet full criteria), F41.8	`ksads_5_907_p`	`ksads2_5_867_p`	`ksads_5_907_t`	`ksads2_5_867_t`
Panic Disorder	Panic Disorder (F41.0) PRESENT, in partial remission		`ksads2_5_815_p`		`ksads2_5_815_t`	only KSADS 2
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder	Other Specified Trauma-and Stressor-Related Disorder, present (PTSD, impairment, does not meet full criteria (F43.8)	`ksads_21_923_p`	`ksads2_21_884_p`	`ksads_21_923_t`	`ksads2_21_884_t`
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder	Other Specified Trauma-and Stressor-Related Disorder, PAST, PTSD, impairment, does not meet full criteria (F43.8)	`ksads_21_924_p`	`ksads2_21_885_p`	`ksads_21_924_t`	`ksads2_21_885_t`
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder PRESENT (F43.10)	`ksads_21_921_p`	`ksads2_21_881_p`	`ksads_21_921_t`	`ksads2_21_881_t`
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder PAST (F43.10)	`ksads_21_922_p`	`ksads2_21_883_p`	`ksads_21_922_t`	`ksads2_21_883_t`
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder PRESENT (F43.10), In Partial Remission		`ksads2_21_882_p`		`ksads2_21_882_t`	only KSADS 2
Psychosis	Unspecified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder F29 (Current)	`ksads_4_851_p`		`ksads_4_851_t`		only KSADS 1
Psychosis	Unspecified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder F29 (Past)	`ksads_4_852_p`		`ksads_4_852_t`		only KSADS 1
Psychosis	Schizophrenia (F20.9)		`ksads2_4_805_p`		`ksads2_4_805_t`	only KSADS 2
Psychosis	Schizophreniform Disorder (F20.81)		`ksads2_4_806_p`		`ksads2_4_806_t`	only KSADS 2
Psychosis	Schizoaffective Disorder (F25.0) (F25.1)		`ksads2_4_807_p`		`ksads2_4_807_t`	only KSADS 2
Psychosis	Other Specified Psychotic Disorder, does not meet full criteria F28 (Current)		`ksads2_4_808_p`		`ksads2_4_808_t`	only KSADS 2
Selective Mutism	Selective Mutism (F94.0) PRESENT	`ksads_25_865_p`	`ksads2_25_823_p`	`ksads_25_865_t`	`ksads2_25_823_t`
Selective Mutism	Selective Mutism (F94.0) PAST	`ksads_25_866_p`	`ksads2_25_824_p`	`ksads_25_866_t`	`ksads2_25_824_t`
Selective Mutism	Other Specified Anxiety Disorder (Selective Mutism, , does not meet minimum duration) F41.8	`ksads_25_915_p`	`ksads2_25_875_p`	`ksads_25_915_t`	`ksads2_25_875_t`
Selective Mutism	Other Specified Anxiety Disorder (Selective Mutism, does not meet minimum duration), PAST ,F41.8	`ksads_25_916_p`	`ksads2_25_876_p`	`ksads_25_916_t`	`ksads2_25_876_t`
Separation Anxiety	Separation Anxiety Disorder (F93.00) PRESENT	`ksads_7_861_p`	`ksads2_7_819_p`	`ksads_7_861_t`	`ksads2_7_819_t`
Separation Anxiety	Separation Anxiety Disorder (F93.00) PAST	`ksads_7_862_p`	`ksads2_7_820_p`	`ksads_7_862_t`	`ksads2_7_820_t`
Separation Anxiety	Other Specified Anxiety Disorder (Separation Anxiety Disorder, impairment, does not meet full criteria), F41.8	`ksads_7_909_p`	`ksads2_7_869_p`	`ksads_7_909_t`	`ksads2_7_869_t`
Separation Anxiety	Other Specified Anxiety Disorder (Separation Anxiety Disorder, impairment, does not meet full criteria) PAST, F41.8	`ksads_7_910_p`	`ksads2_7_870_p`	`ksads_7_910_t`	`ksads2_7_870_t`
Social Anxiety	Social Anxiety Disorder (F40.10) PRESENT	`ksads_8_863_p`	`ksads2_8_821_p`	`ksads_8_863_t`	`ksads2_8_821_t`
Social Anxiety	Social Anxiety Disorder (F40.10) PAST	`ksads_8_864_p`	`ksads2_8_822_p`	`ksads_8_864_t`	`ksads2_8_822_t`
Social Anxiety	Other Specified Anxiety Disorder (Social Anxiety Disorder, impairment, does not meet minimum duration) F41.8	`ksads_8_911_p`	`ksads2_8_871_p`	`ksads_8_911_t`	`ksads2_8_871_t`
Social Anxiety	Other Specified Anxiety Disorder (Social Anxiety Disorder, impairment, does not meet minimum duration), PAST, ¬†F41.8	`ksads_8_912_p`	`ksads2_8_872_p`	`ksads_8_912_t`	`ksads2_8_872_t`
Suicidality	Self Injurious Behavior without suicidal intent Present	`ksads_23_945_p`	`ksads2_23_905_p`	`ksads_23_945_t`	`ksads2_23_905_t`
Suicidality	Suicidal ideation Passive Present	`ksads_23_946_p`	`ksads2_23_906_p`	`ksads_23_946_t`	`ksads2_23_906_t`
Suicidality	Suicidal ideation Active non-specific Present	`ksads_23_947_p`	`ksads2_23_907_p`	`ksads_23_947_t`	`ksads2_23_907_t`
Suicidality	Suicidal ideation Active method Present	`ksads_23_948_p`	`ksads2_23_908_p`	`ksads_23_948_t`	`ksads2_23_908_t`
Suicidality	Suicidal ideation Active intent Present	`ksads_23_949_p`	`ksads2_23_909_p`	`ksads_23_949_t`	`ksads2_23_909_t`
Suicidality	Suicidal ideation Active plan Present	`ksads_23_950_p`	`ksads2_23_910_p`	`ksads_23_950_t`	`ksads2_23_910_t`
Suicidality	Preparatory Actions toward imminent Suicidal behavior Present	`ksads_23_951_p`	`ksads2_23_911_p`	`ksads_23_951_t`	`ksads2_23_911_t`
Suicidality	Interrupted Attempt Present	`ksads_23_952_p`	`ksads2_23_912_p`	`ksads_23_952_t`	`ksads2_23_912_t`
Suicidality	Aborted Attempt Present	`ksads_23_953_p`	`ksads2_23_913_p`	`ksads_23_953_t`	`ksads2_23_913_t`
Suicidality	Suicide Attempt Present	`ksads_23_954_p`	`ksads2_23_914_p`	`ksads_23_954_t`	`ksads2_23_914_t`
Suicidality	No suicidal ideation or behavior Present	`ksads_23_955_p`	`ksads2_23_915_p`	`ksads_23_955_t`	`ksads2_23_915_t`
Suicidality	Self Injurious Behavior without suicidal intent Past	`ksads_23_956_p`	`ksads2_23_916_p`	`ksads_23_956_t`	`ksads2_23_916_t`
Suicidality	Suicidal ideation Passive Past	`ksads_23_957_p`	`ksads2_23_917_p`	`ksads_23_957_t`	`ksads2_23_917_t`
Suicidality	Suicidal ideation Active non-specific Past	`ksads_23_958_p`	`ksads2_23_918_p`	`ksads_23_958_t`	`ksads2_23_918_t`
Suicidality	Suicidal ideation Active method Past	`ksads_23_959_p`	`ksads2_23_919_p`	`ksads_23_959_t`	`ksads2_23_919_t`
Suicidality	Suicidal ideation Active intent Past	`ksads_23_960_p`	`ksads2_23_920_p`	`ksads_23_960_t`	`ksads2_23_920_t`
Suicidality	Suicidal ideation Active plan Past	`ksads_23_961_p`	`ksads2_23_921_p`	`ksads_23_961_t`	`ksads2_23_921_t`
Suicidality	Preparatory Actions toward imminent Suicidal behavior Past	`ksads_23_962_p`	`ksads2_23_922_p`	`ksads_23_962_t`	`ksads2_23_922_t`
Suicidality	Interrupted Attempt Past	`ksads_23_963_p`	`ksads2_23_923_p`	`ksads_23_963_t`	`ksads2_23_923_t`
Suicidality	Aborted Attempt Past	`ksads_23_964_p`	`ksads2_23_924_p`	`ksads_23_964_t`	`ksads2_23_924_t`
Suicidality	Suicide Attempt Past	`ksads_23_965_p`	`ksads2_23_925_p`	`ksads_23_965_t`	`ksads2_23_925_t`
Suicidality	No past suicidal ideation or behavior Past	`ksads_23_966_p`	`ksads2_23_926_p`	`ksads_23_966_t`	`ksads2_23_926_t`

Important information about the KSADS in Release 5.0

In May of 2021, the KSADS-COMP originators did a review of diagnostic criteria used in the programming algorithms and found several errors that likely led to overestimates of diagnoses for several disorders. The needed modifications are: a) include impairment in the diagnostic criteria for Major Depression and Persistent Depressive Disorder; b) include onset before age 10 in the diagnostic criteria for Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorders; c) require impairment in two domains, not just one, for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; d) require an illness duration of 6 months or more for Agoraphobia; e) include an illness duration of three months or longer for Anorexia; and f) include the presence of all three criterion A symptoms for Autism (relevant to the 2.0 version). Prior releases of ABCD Study data in these diagnostic domains were impacted by these issues (i.e. Release 4.0 and before). KSADS-COMP completed these modifications and the corrected diagnostic data from these categories is included in Release 5.0.

We switched to the KSADS 2.0 at the 3-year follow-up for both parent and youth report as this updated version incorporates several improved features, including better assessments of Autism Spectrum and Psychotic disorders. These KSADS tables include both data from 1.0 and 2.0 for the same variables in the same columns for ease of analysis. Suicide in the 4-year follow-up and beyond is only asking about current and not lifetime.

The Conduct Disorder module of the KSADS was modified such that all youth are asked all the potential behavioral indicators of Conduct Disorder (except the sexual conduct symptom), and the Callous and Unemotional trait questions are asked of any youth who endorse one or more Conduct Disorder indicators.

Important Information about the Youth Delinquency Scale & Policing items

Statistical analyses of the Youth 10 Item Delinquency Scale revealed evidence of significant race/culture bias in this measure. The ABCD Mental Health Workgroup and the ABCD Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Workgroup 1 that oversees equitable and inclusive methods and assessments proposed not to release these data or a summary score for Release 4.0 onwards. The ABCD Steering Committee approved this proposal. These data no longer appear in ABCD Annual Data Releases. Furthermore, the decision was made to discontinue administration of the Youth 10 item Delinquency Scale starting at the 4-year follow-up. Note that the question from the Delinquency Scale about police contact is now contained in the Culture & Environment workgroup, instead of the Mental Health workgroup.

Together with changes in the KSADS Conduct Disorder module above, we believe these modifications reduce redundancy across measures in the ABCD dataset and ensure that a broader set of behaviors relevant to delinquency are assessed.

Notes

Note that some of the items in the Life Events Scale ((e.g., school shooter, not having a home, deportation or hospitalization of a parent, foster care, seeing or hearing people being shot, hit, etc. in the neighborhood) were added at later waves and are not available at earlier waves.

Instrument Descriptions

Youth Instruments

Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children (KSADS-COMP)

The KSADS is a semi-structured interview to measure current and past symptoms of mood, anxiety, psychotic, and disruptive behavior disorders, among others, in children ages 6-18 years old. It was designed to promote earlier diagnosis of mental disorders in children in a way that incorporates reports by both the child and parent. The KSADS-COMP is a computerized version of the KSADS. It is administered in diagnostic category modules described below.

Townsend, L, Kobak, K., Kearney, C., Milham, M., Andreotti, C., Escalera, J., Alexander, L., Gill, M.K., Birmaher, B., Sylvester, R., Rice, D., Deep, A., Kaufman, J. (2020). Development of Three Web-Based Computerized Versions of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS-COMP) Child Psychiatric Diagnostic Interview: Preliminary Validity Data. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Feb;59(2):309-325. doi:10.1016/j.jaac. PMID: 31108163.

Kaufman, J., Kobak, K., Birmaher, B., & de Lacy, N. (2021). KSADS-COMP Perspectives on Child Psychiatric Diagnostic Assessment and Treatment Planning. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 60(5), 540–542. Find here

KSADS - Symptoms & Diagnoses

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_ksads_ss

Measure Description: DSM-V based symptoms and diagnoses based on the responses to individual questions.

ABCD Subdomain: Broad Psychopathology

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since Baseline

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Background Items

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_ksads_bg

Measure Description: Assesses school, family, and social relations.

ABCD Subdomain: Psychosocial

Number of Variables: 60

Summary Score(s): No

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since Baseline

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations:

At 3-year follow-up, the 2-step method for assessing gender identity was added to the background items first asking sex assigned at birth, followed by current gender identity. All measures in the ABCD protocol were revised to eliminate the use of binary gender classifications in the fall of 2020 (see Potter et al., 2022). To this end, “another gender (e.g. nonbinary)” was added to all responses consisting of gender options. Gender-specific data is duplicated in table gish_y_gi.

At 4-year follow-up, the “gay or bisexual” background item was followed up with an item asking youth to describe their sexual orientation. Response options were branched from the response to the original item such that the data is recorded as 3 separate items with 3 separate responses. Refer to data dictionary. Sexuality-specific data is duplicated in table gish_y_sex.

Multi-Informant analysis - some items in the Youth KSADS Background Survey have parent-reported counterparts.

KSADS - Depressive Disorders (Indiv. Questions)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_ksads_dep

Measure Description: Assesses Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia), Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD), Other Specified Depressive Disorder.

ABCD Subdomain: Mood

Number of Variables: 91

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up; 4-year follow-up.

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Conduct Disorders (Indiv. Questions)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_ksads_cd

Measure Description: Assesses Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder.

ABCD Subdomain: Externalizing

Number of Variables: 265

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The Conduct Disorder module of the KSADS was modified such that all youth are asked all the potential behavioral indicators of Conduct Disorder (except the sexual conduct symptom), and the Callous and Unemotional trait questions are asked of any youth who endorse one or more Conduct Disorder indicators.

The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up. Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (Indiv. Questions)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_ksads_dmdd

Measure Description: Assesses non-episodic irritability and frequent severe temper outbursts.

ABCD Subdomain: Mood

Number of Variables: 11

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration:The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Eating Disorders (Indiv. Questions)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_ksads_ed

Measure Description: Assesses Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder, Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder.

ABCD Subdomain: Eating

Number of Variables: 88

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Generalized Anxiety Disorder (Indiv. Questions)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_ksads_gad

Measure Description: Assesses Generalized Anxiety Disorder

ABCD Subdomain: Anxiety

Number of Variables: 54

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations:

KSADS - Suicidality (Indiv. Questions)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_ksads_si

Measure Description: Assesses Suicidality.

ABCD Subdomain: Harm

Number of Variables: 39

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since Baseline

Modifications since initial administration:The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: Suicide in the 4-year follow-up and beyond is only asking about current and not lifetime.

KSADS - Sleep Problems (Indiv. Questions)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_ksads_slp

Measure Description: Assesses Sleep Problems.

ABCD Subdomain: Sleep

Summary Score(s): Yes

Number of Variables: 5

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

7-Up Mania Inventory

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_7up

Measure Description: Assesses youth mania symptoms.

Number of Variables: 11

Summary Score(s): No

Measurement Waves Administered: 1-year follow-up, 3-year follow-up, Expected future assessment at 5-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: None

Reference: Youngstrom EA, Murray G, Johnson SL, Findling RL. The 7 up 7 down inventory: a 14-item measure of manic and depressive tendencies carved from the General Behavior Inventory. Psychol Assess. 2013 Dec;25(4):1377-83. doi: 10.1037/a0033975. Epub 2013 Aug 5. PMID: 23914960; PMCID: PMC3970320. Find here

Behavioral Inhibition / Behavioral Approach System Scales (BIS/BAS)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_bisbas

Measure Description: A self-report questionnaire designed to measure two motivational systems: the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), which corresponds to motivation to avoid aversive outcomes, and the behavioral activation system (BAS), which corresponds to motivation to approach goal-oriented outcomes. Participants respond to each item using a 4-point Likert scale: 1 (very true for me), 2 (somewhat true for me), 3 (somewhat false for me), and 4 (very false for me). The scale has four subscales that were derived via factor analysis. One subscale corresponds to the BIS. Seven items contribute to this score (e.g., “Criticism or scolding hurts me quite a bit”). The remaining three subscales correspond to three components of BAS. BAS Drive measures the motivation to follow one’s goals. Four items contribute to this score (e.g., “When I want something I usually go all-out to get it”). BAS Reward Responsiveness measures the sensitivity to pleasant reinforcers in the environment. Four items contribute to this score (e.g., “It would excite me to win a contest”). BAS Fun Seeking measures the motivation to find novel rewards spontaneously. Five items contribute to this score (e.g., “I crave excitement and new sensations”).

ABCD Subdomain: Temperament/Personality

Number of Variables: 42

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: None

References: PhenX. Carver CS, White TL. Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1994;67:319-33. Find here

Pagliaccio D, Luking KR, Anokhin AP, Gotlib IH, Hayden EP, Olino TM, Peng CZ, Hajcak G, Barch DM. Revising the BIS/BAS Scale to study development: Measurement invariance and normative effects of age and sex from childhood through adulthood. Psychol Assess. 2016 Apr;28(4):429-42. doi: 10.1037/pas0000186. Epub 2015 Aug 24. PMID: 26302106; PMCID: PMC4766059. Find here

Brief Problem Monitor (ASEBA)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_bpm

Measure Description: Normed multi-informant monitoring of children’s functioning. This is the youth self-report. The BPM’s Internalizing (INT), Attention Problems (ATT), Externalizing (EXT), and Total Problems (TOT) scales comprise items from the ASEBA Youth Self-Report (YSR). The items, scales, and norms are based on decades of research and practical experience, as summarized in the BPM Manual (Achenbach, McConaughy, Ivanova, & Rescorla, 2017).

ABCD Subdomain: Broad Psychopathology

Number of Variables: 48

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since the 1-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: None

Reference: Achenbach, T. M. (2009). The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA): Development, Findings, Theory, and Applications. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families. Find here

Cyberbullying

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_cbb

Measure Description: This instrument assesses whether a youth has experienced or perpetrated cyberbullying, including information about whether it occurred in the past year and the frequency.

ABCD Subdomain: Social

Number of Variables: 10

Summary Score(s): No

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since 2-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: None

Reference: Stewart RW, Drescher CF, Maack DJ, Ebesutani C, Young J. The Development and Psychometric Investigation of the Cyberbullying Scale. J Interpers Violence. 2014 Aug;29(12):2218-2238. doi: 10.1177/0886260513517552. Epub 2014 Jan 14. PMID: 24424252. Find here

Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_erq

Measure Description: The ERQ uses items with a 5-point Likert scale to measure children’s tendencies to engage in two specific emotion regulation strategies: reappraisal (reframing the meaning of a situation; a prototypically adaptive strategy) and suppression (inhibiting emotional expression; a prototypically maladaptive strategy).

ABCD Subdomain: Emotion

Number of Variables: 9

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since 3-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: None

References: Gullone, E., & Taffe, J. (2012). The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA): a psychometric evaluation. Psychological assessment, 24(2), 409–417. Find here

Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). APA PsycTests. Find here

Garnefski, N., Rieffe, C., Jellesma, F., Terwogt, M. M., & Kraaij, V. (2007). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems in 9–11-year-old children: The development of an instrument. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 16, 1–9. Find here

Life Events (PhenX)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_le

Measure Description: The Adverse Life Events Scale is a self- or proxy-administered, 25-item questionnaire that reports events experienced during the previous year over which the child had little or no control. The respondent reviews the list of items and indicates which events have occurred. If endorsed, follow-up questions are shown for additional details about the event.

ABCD Subdomain: Stress

Number of Variables: 146 (key questions & follow-up)

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since 1-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: Some of the items in the Life Events Scale (e.g., school shooter, not having a home, deportation or hospitalization of parent, foster care, seeing or hearing people being shot, hit, etc. in the neighborhood) were added at later waves and are not available at earlier waves.

References: Tiet, Q.Q., Bird, H.R., et al., 2001. Relationship between specific adverse life events and psychiatric disorders. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 29 (2), 153–164. Find here

Grant, K.E., Compas, B.E., et al., 2004. Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: measurement issues and prospective effects. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 33 (2), 412–425. Find here

Other Resilience

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_or

Measure Description: A short survey on number of peers.

ABCD Subdomain: Peers

Number of Variables: 12

Summary Score(s): No

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, then annually since 2-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: None

Reference: Barch DM, Albaugh MD, Avenevoli S, Chang L, Clark DB, Glantz MD, Hudziak JJ, Jernigan TL, Tapert SF, Yurgelun-Todd D, Alia-Klein N, Potter AS, Paulus MP, Prouty D, Zucker RA, Sher KJ. Demographic, physical and mental health assessments in the adolescent brain and cognitive development study: Rationale and description. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2018 Aug;32:55-66. Find here

Peer Experience Questionnaire

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_peq

Measure Description: Assesses whether the youth has either experienced overt, relational or reputational victimization from peers or perpetrated overt, relational or reputational aggression towards peers.

ABCD Subdomain: Peers

Number of Variables: 37

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since 2-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: None

References: De Los Reyes, A. & Prinstein, M. J. (2004). Applying depression-distortion hypotheses to the assessment of peer victimization in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 325-335. Find here

Prinstein, M. J., Boergers, J., & Vernberg, E. M. (2001). Overt and relational aggression in adolescents: Social-psychological functioning of aggressors and victims. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 477-489. Find here

NIH Toolbox Positive Affect

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_poa

Measure Description: This measure evaluates feelings of contentment, happiness, enthusiasm, joy, and excitement in the past week.

ABCD Subdomain: Emotion

Number of Variables: 13

Summary Score(s): No

Measurement Waves Administered: 1-year follow-up, 3-year follow-up; Expected future assessment at 5-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: None

References: Gershon, R.C., Wagster, M.V., et al., 2013. NIH toolbox for assessment of neurological and behavioral function. Neurology 80 (11 Suppl. 3), S2–6. Find here

Salsman, J.M., Butt, Z., et al., 2013. Emotion assessment using the NIH toolbox. Neurology 80 (11 Suppl. 3), S76–86. Find here

Prodromal Psychosis Scale

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_pps

Measure Description: The Prodromal Questionnaire–Brief Child Version may be a useful measure of early risk for psychotic disorders and is associated with several familial, cognitive, and emotional factors related to psychotic symptoms in older populations.

ABCD Subdomain: Psychosis

Number of Variables: 76

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since Baseline

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: None

References: Karcher NR, Barch DM, Avenevoli S, Savill M, Huber RS, Simon TJ, Leckliter IN, Sher KJ, Loewy RL. Assessment of the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief Child Version for Measurement of Self-reported Psychotic like Experiences in Childhood. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 1;75(8):853-861. Find here

Loewy, R.L., Bearden, C.E., et al., 2005. The prodromal questionnaire (PQ): preliminary validation of a self-report screening measure for prodromal and psychotic syndromes. Schizophr. Res. 79 (1), 117–125. Find here

Ising, H.K., Veling, W., et al., 2012. The validity of the 16-item version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16) to screen for ultra high risk of developing psychosis in the general help-seeking population. Schizophr. Bull. 38 (6), 1288–1296. Find here

Therman, S., Lindgren, M., et al., 2014. Predicting psychosis and psychiatric hospital care among adolescent psychiatric patients with the Prodromal Questionnaire. Schizophr. Res. 158 (1–3), 7–10. Find here

Modified Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency, Impulsive Behavior Scale for Children (UPPS; Short Version; PhenX)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_y_upps

Measure Description: The UPPS contains 20 self-administered questions that are scored on multiple subscales (urgency, premeditation, perseverance, sensation seeking, and positive urgency).

ABCD Subdomain: Temperament/Personality

Number of Variables: 35

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: There are a small number of cases where 1 or 2 items were missing and a summary score was computed without compensation. The number of items missing are in the output, so users can recompute the value as an average of the number of items answered if they would like.

References: Cyders, M.A., Smith, G.T., et al., 2007. Integration of impulsivity and positive mood to predict risky behavior: development and validation of a measure of positive urgency. Psychol. Assess. 19 (1), 107–118. Find here

Whiteside, S.P., Lynam, D.R., et al., 2005. Validation of the UPPS impulsive behaviour scale: a four-factor model of impulsivity. Eur. J. Pers. 19 (7), 559–574. Find here

Parent Instruments

Adult Behavior Checklist on Other Parent (ABCL; ASEBA) (Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_abcl

Measure Description: This ASEBA instrument is completed by the primary parent about the other parent (if applicable) and provides dimensional measures of parental psychopathology.

ABCD Subdomain: Broad Psychopathology

Number of Variables: 208

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: None

Adult Self Report (ASR; ASEBA) (Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_asr

Measure Description: This ASEBA instrument reports parent self-reported psychopathological syndromes.

ABCD Subdomain: Broad Psychopathology

Number of Variables: 218

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: None

Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; ASEBA) (Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_cbcl

Measure Description: This parent-report ASEBA instrument assess youth dimensional psychopathological syndromes Dimensional and adaptive functioning

ABCD Subdomain: Broad Psychopathology

Number of Variables: 201

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since Baseline

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: ASEBA recommends not using summary scores for participants with more than 8 missing items. Based on ASEBA scoring,the DSM and subscale measures have a range >= 50. The three CBCL Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problem scales have a full T-score range with a mean = 50 and SD = 10.

Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children (KSADS-COMP)

The KSADS-COMP is a computerized version of the KSADS given to parents about their youth participant.

KSADS - Symptoms & Diagnoses

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_ss

Measure Description: DSM-V based symptoms and diagnoses based on the parent responses to individual questions about their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Broad Psychopathology

Number of Variables: 1905

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since Baseline

Modifications since initial administration:The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Background Items (Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_bg (Baseline) & mh_p_ksads_bg_l (Follow-up assessments)

Measure Description: Parent assessment of their youth participant’s school, family, and social relations.

ABCD Subdomain: Psychosocial

Number of Variables: 184

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since Baseline

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: Two tables are provided for the Background Items; one for Baseline and one for longitudinal assessments.

Gender- and sexuality-specific data is duplicated in tables gish_p_gi and gish_p_sex, respectively.

Multi-Informant analysis - some items in the Parent KSADS Background Survey have youth-reported counterparts.

KSADS - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Indiv. Questions) (Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_adhd

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Other Specified Unspecified Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Externalizing

Number of Variables: 93

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since Baseline

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Autism Spectrum Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_asd

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Autism Spectrum

Number of Variables: 20

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Depressive Disorders (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_dep

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia), Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD), Other Specified Depressive Disorder for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Mood

Number of Variables: 91

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Psychotic Disorders (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_psy

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Schizophrenia, Other Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder, Hallucinations, and Delusions for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Psychosis

Number of Variables: 83

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since Baseline

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Oppositional Defiant Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_odd

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Oppositional Defiant Disorder for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Externalizing

Number of Variables: 35

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 1-year follow-up, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Conduct Disorders (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_cd

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Conduct Disorder for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Externalizing

Number of Variables: 274

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since Baseline

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: If a behavior is endorsed, grade the behavior onset in is queried. The grades offered as response options are branched off the age. However, response options were limited to fairly typical grade levels for each age, so participants who are quite ahead or behind typical grades for their age are not offered all response options. For example, for age, response options are 8^th grade and lower grades. For age 18, response options are K-12. Very few respondents did not see their grade as a response option; those who did not see their grade were instructed to select the closest grade.

KSADS - Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (Indiv. Questions)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_dmdd

Measure Description: Parent assessment of non-episodic irritability and frequent severe temper outbursts for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Mood

Number of Variables: 11

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Eating Disorders (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_ed

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder, Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Eating

Number of Variables: 88

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since Baseline

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Generalized Anxiety Disorder (Indiv. Questions)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_gad

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Anxiety

Number of Variables: 54

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_ocd

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Other Specified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Anxiety

Number of Variables: 84

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Panic Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_pd

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Panic Disorder for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Anxiety

Number of Variables: 40

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year and 4-year follow-ups. Future expected assessment at 6-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Specific Phobia Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_phb

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Specific Phobia Disorder for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Anxiety

Number of Variables: 48

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Agoraphobia Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_ago

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Agoraphobia Disorder for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Anxiety

Number of Variables: 40

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Social Anxiety Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_sad

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Social Anxiety Disorder and Other Specified Anxiety Disorder for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Anxiety

Number of Variables: 56

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Separation Anxiety Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_sep

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Separation Anxiety Disorder for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Anxiety

Number of Variables: 40

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_ptsd

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Other Specified Trauma-and Stressor-Related Disorder, and the various Adjustment Disorders for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Stress

Number of Variables: 17

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Suicidality (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_si

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Suicidality for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Harm

Number of Variables: 39

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration:The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: Suicide in the 4-year follow-up and beyond is only asking about current and not lifetime.

KSADS - Homicidality (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_hi

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Homicidality for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Harm

Number of Variables: 8

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

KSADS - Sleep Problems (Indiv. Questions) (Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ksads_slp

Measure Description: Parent assessment of Sleep Problems for their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Sleep

Number of Variables: 5

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: The KSADS 2.0 was administered beginning in the 3-year follow-up.

Notes and special considerations: None

Difficulty in Emotion Regulation (Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ders

Measure Description: Assesses the youth participant’s emotion regulation across multiple domains, including awareness and acceptance of emotions, ability to engage in goal-directed behavior and refrain from impulsive behavior, and access to effective emotion regulation strategies.

ABCD Subdomain: Emotion

Number of Variables: 30

Summary Score(s): No

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since 3-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: None

References: Bardeen, J. R., Fergus, T. A., Hannan, S. M., & Orcutt, H. K. (2016). Addressing psychometric limitations of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale through item modification. Journal of Personality Assessment. Find here

Bunford, N., Dawson, A. E., Evans, S. W., Ray, A. R., Langberg, J. M., Owens, J. S., DuPaul, G. J., & Allan, D. M. (2020). The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Parent Report: A Psychometric Investigation Examining Adolescents With and Without ADHD. Assessment, 27(5), 921–940. Fine here

Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_eatq

Measure Description: The Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (EATQ-R; parent version), completed by a caregiver on the youth, assesses children and adolescents (9-15 years old) on 8 basic dimensions of temperament (Activation, Affiliation, Attention, Fear, Frustration, Surgency, Inhibitory Control, , and Shyness), 2 dimensions of behavior (Aggression and Depressive Mood), and three higher-order scales based responses to these primary scales (Effort Control, Surgency, and Negative Affect).

ABCD Subdomain: Temperament/Personality

Number of Variables: 108

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: 2-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: None

Reference: Latham MD, Dudgeon P, Yap MBH, Simmons JG, Byrne ML, Schwartz OS, Ivie E, Whittle S, Allen NB. Factor Structure of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised. Assessment. 2020 Oct;27(7):1547-1561. doi: 10.1177/1073191119831789. Epub 2019 Feb 21. PMID: 30788984. Find here

Family History (Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_fhx

Measure Description: Family history of psychopathology and substance use.

ABCD Subdomain: Broad Psychopathology

Number of Variables: 1861

Summary Score(s): No

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations:

“Missing” or blank responses can mean different things depending on how questions were answered. Specifically, a missing response could mean:
Nothing is known about any biological relative (famhx_1=0) so follow-up questions are not asked. For example, a participant indicates that they don’t know about any of the youth’s biological relatives (famhx_1 = 0) and consequently items assessing depression in father and in their paternal uncles (and all other relatives) are blank and could be considered as missing.
The respondent indicates that no biological relative had that particular type of problem so follow-up questions are not asked. For example, a participant indicates that they know about their biological relatives (famhx_1 = 1) but that none of them had depression (fam_history_6_yes_no = 0). In this case the blank response (for the relatives who exist: see next example) can be assumed to indicate the absence of depression (i.e., a zero).
The relative does not exist. For example, the participant has 1 paternal uncle so response to paternal uncle 2 is left blank. Note that the number and type of biological relatives can be found in variables famhx_1a_p – to– fhx_3h_older_p.
The Research Assistant did not administer questions pertaining to all biological relatives because they thought respondents answered questions only for those relatives whom they believed were affected. That is, the respondent had knowledge of the biological relatives, had indicated that one or more relatives had the problem being assessed, but was asked to respond only to questions about relatives they knew were affected, rather than indicating “no problems” for those relatives who were not affected. For example, a respondent was asked about problems due to alcohol (e.g., marital separation or divorce) only for the affected relative. The respondent has knowledge of the youth’s biological relatives, one or more relatives is believed to have a problem due to alcohol, but there is no endorsement of “no problems” for the father (famhx4a_p__0), no endorsement of any specific problem (famhx4a_p_1 – famhx4a_p__6), and no endorsement of “don’t know” (famhx4a_p_999). In this example, one can presume the absence of a problem related to alcohol in the father.

Missing Variables in fhxp102 and fhxp201 due to name truncation error

The following variables are missing in the mh_p_fhx table because the element name did not exactly match our internal name (e.g., two underscore characters rather than three as in q5k_full_sib_young1_drugs__999 vs. q5k_full_sib_young1_drugs___999).

Variable Name
`q5k_full_sib_young1_drugs__999`
`q5k_full_sib_young2_drugs__999`
`q5k_full_sib_young3_drugs__999`
`q5k_full_sib_young4_drugs__999`
`q5k_full_sib_young5_drugs__999`
`q5m_full_sib_same1_drugs___999`
`q5m_full_sib_same2_drugs___999`
`q5m_full_sib_same3_drugs___999`
`q5m_full_sib_same4_drugs___999`
`q5m_full_sib_same5_drugs___999`
`q5m_half_sib_young1_drugs__999`
`q5m_half_sib_young2_drugs__999`
`q5m_half_sib_young3_drugs__999`
`q5m_half_sib_young4_drugs__999`
`q5m_half_sib_young5_drugs__999`

References: Brown SA, Brumback T, Tomlinson K, Cummins K, Thompson WK, Nagel BJ, De Bellis MD, Hooper SR, Clark DB, Chung T, Hasler BP, Colrain IM, Baker FC, Prouty D, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Pohl KM, Rohlfing T, Nichols BN, Chu W, Tapert SF. The National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA): A Multisite Study of Adolescent Development and Substance Use. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2015 Nov;76(6):895-908. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2015.76.895. PMID: 26562597; PMCID: PMC4712659. Find here

Rice JP, Reich T, Bucholz KK, Neuman RJ, Fishman R, Rochberg N, Hesselbrock VM, Nurnberger JI Jr, Schuckit MA, Begleiter H. Comparison of direct interview and family history diagnoses of alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1995 Aug;19(4):1018-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb00983.x. PMID: 7485811. Find here

General Behavior Inventory - Mania (Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_gbi

Measure Description: Parent assessment of mania symptoms in their youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Mood

Number of Variables: 14

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Baseline, 1-year follow-up, 2-year follow-up, 4-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: None

Reference: Youngstrom, E.A., Frazier, T.W., et al., 2008. Developing a 10-item mania scale from the Parent General Behavior Inventory for children and adolescents. J. Clin. Psychiatry 69 (5), 831–839. Find here

Life Events (PhenX) (Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_le

Measure Description: Parent assessment that reports events experienced during the previous year over which the youth participant had little or no control. The parent reviews the list of items and indicates which events have occurred. If endorsed, follow-up questions are shown for additional details about the event.

ABCD Subdomain: Stress

Number of Variables: 141

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since 1-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

References: Tiet, Q.Q., Bird, H.R., et al., 2001. Relationship between specific adverse life events and psychiatric disorders. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 29 (2), 153–164. Find here

Grant, K.E., Compas, B.E., et al., 2004. Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: measurement issues and prospective effects. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 33 (2), 412–425. Find here

Perceived Stress Scale (Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_pss

Measure Description: A 10-item parent report of the parent’s perception of stress feelings and thoughts over the past month.

ABCD Subdomain: Stress

Number of Variables: 12

Summary Score(s): No

Measurement Waves Administered: 3-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: None

Reference: Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385-396. Find here

Short Social Responsiveness Scale (Parent)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_p_ssrs

Measure Description: Identifies the presence and severity of social impairment within the autism spectrum.

ABCD Subdomain: Social

Number of Variables: 15

Summary Score(s): Yes

Measurement Waves Administered: 1-yr follow-up; Expected future assessment at 5-year follow-up

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) was originally developed as a screener (Constantino, 2011; Constantino, Przybeck, Friesen, & Todd, 2000; Constantino & Todd, 2000, 2003; Constantino et al., 2003, 2004), and so the behaviors it measures are relevant but not specific to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As a result, scores at least partially reflect certain characteristics, such as problem behaviors and low IQ, that cannot be uniformly considered at the individual level as symptoms of ASD (Aldridge, Gibbs, Schmidhofer, & Williams, 2012; Hus, Bishop, Gotham, Huerta, & Lord, 2013; Norris & Lecavalier, 2010). Further, the results of several studies suggest that the population-level distribution of the construct measured by the SRS in individuals without ASD is not continuous, but rather a mixture of at least two non-normal distributions (Kaat & Farmer, 2017).

Practically, these features suggest at least three precautions. First, the influence of non-ASD characteristics (e.g. problem behaviors and low IQ) is most relevant when there is no clinical concern of ASD for the subject of the ratings, as there is a significant possibility that the scores reflect the non-ASD characteristics, rather than ASD symptoms. Second, for individuals where ASD is a clinical concern, interpretation of scores should consider problem behaviors, language level, and IQ. Third, the interpretation of the raw score as an indicator of ASD symptom severity in people without ASD should take into consideration the concerns raised above.

Note that severe autism was an exclusion criterion during recruitment for the ABCD Study.

References:

Aldridge, F. J., Gibbs, V. M., Schmidhofer, K., & Williams, M. (2012). Investigating the clinical usefulness of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) in a tertiary level, autism spectrum disorder specific assessment clinic. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 42(2), 294–300. Find here

Constantino J. N. (2011). The quantitative nature of autistic social impairment. Pediatric research, 69(5 Pt 2), 55R–62R. Find here

Constantino, J. N., Przybeck, T., Friesen, D., & Todd, R. D. (2000). Reciprocal social behavior in children with and without pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP, 21(1), 2–11. Find here

Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2000). Genetic structure of reciprocal social behavior. The American journal of psychiatry, 157(12), 2043–2045. Find here

Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2003). Autistic traits in the general population: a twin study. Archives of general psychiatry, 60(5), 524–530. Find here

Constantino, J. N., Gruber, C. P., Davis, S., Hayes, S., Passanante, N., & Przybeck, T. (2004). The factor structure of autistic traits. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 45(4), 719–726. Find here

Hus, V., Bishop, S., Gotham, K., Huerta, M., & Lord, C. (2013). Factors influencing scores on the social responsiveness scale. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 54(2), 216–224. Find here

Kaat, A. J., & Farmer, C. (2017). Commentary: Lingering questions about the Social Responsiveness Scale short form. A commentary on Sturm et al. (2017). Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 58(9), 1062–1064. Find here

Norris, M., & Lecavalier, L. (2010). Screening accuracy of Level 2 autism spectrum disorder rating scales. A review of selected instruments. Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 14(4), 263–284. Find here

Teacher Instrument

Brief Problem Monitor (ASEBA)

Release 5.0 Data Table: mh_t_bpm

Measure Description: ASEBA measure of teacher-reported internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems in the youth participant.

ABCD Subdomain: Broad Psychopathology

Number of Variables: 52

Summary Score(s): No

Measurement Waves Administered: Annually since Baseline

Modifications since initial administration: None

Notes and special considerations: None

List of Instruments

General Information

Updates and Notes

Release 5.1 Update

Important information about the KSADS in Release 5.0

Important Information about the Youth Delinquency Scale & Policing items

Notes

Instrument Descriptions

Youth Instruments

Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children (KSADS-COMP)

KSADS - Symptoms & Diagnoses

KSADS - Background Items

KSADS - Depressive Disorders (Indiv. Questions)

KSADS - Bipolar and Related Disorders (Indiv. Questions)

KSADS - Conduct Disorders (Indiv. Questions)

KSADS - Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (Indiv. Questions)

KSADS - Eating Disorders (Indiv. Questions)

KSADS - Generalized Anxiety Disorder (Indiv. Questions)

KSADS - Social Anxiety Disorder (Indiv. Questions)

KSADS - Suicidality (Indiv. Questions)

KSADS - Sleep Problems (Indiv. Questions)

7-Up Mania Inventory

Behavioral Inhibition / Behavioral Approach System Scales (BIS/BAS)

Brief Problem Monitor (ASEBA)

Cyberbullying

Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ)

Life Events (PhenX)

Other Resilience

Peer Experience Questionnaire

NIH Toolbox Positive Affect

Prodromal Psychosis Scale

Modified Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency, Impulsive Behavior Scale for Children (UPPS; Short Version; PhenX)

Parent Instruments

Adult Behavior Checklist on Other Parent (ABCL; ASEBA) (Parent)

Adult Self Report (ASR; ASEBA) (Parent)

Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; ASEBA) (Parent)

Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children (KSADS-COMP)

KSADS - Symptoms & Diagnoses

KSADS - Background Items (Parent)

KSADS - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Indiv. Questions) (Parent)

KSADS - Autism Spectrum Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

KSADS - Depressive Disorders (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

KSADS - Bipolar and Related Disorders (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

KSADS - Psychotic Disorders (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

KSADS - Oppositional Defiant Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

KSADS - Conduct Disorders (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

KSADS - Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (Indiv. Questions)

KSADS - Eating Disorders (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

KSADS - Generalized Anxiety Disorder (Indiv. Questions)

KSADS - Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

KSADS - Panic Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

KSADS - Specific Phobia Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

KSADS - Agoraphobia Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

KSADS - Social Anxiety Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

KSADS - Separation Anxiety Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

KSADS - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

KSADS - Suicidality (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

KSADS - Homicidality (Indiv. Questions)(Parent)

KSADS - Sleep Problems (Indiv. Questions) (Parent)

Difficulty in Emotion Regulation (Parent)

Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (Parent)

Family History (Parent)

Missing Variables in fhxp102 and fhxp201 due to name truncation error

General Behavior Inventory - Mania (Parent)

Life Events (PhenX) (Parent)

Perceived Stress Scale (Parent)

Short Social Responsiveness Scale (Parent)

Teacher Instrument

Brief Problem Monitor (ASEBA)